Science Question 8

QUESTION: 


Why is the voltage of electric power always given in multiples of 11 such as 110V, 220V, 440V & 11 KV?



ANSWER



The electric power in use today, is of A.C. (Alternating Current) in nature. But, before the advent of AC power generating electrical machines, the sources of electricity were primary cells whose power is D.C. (Direct Current) in nature.

So, when machines were developed to produce AC electricity, their capacity was to be compared with the already available DC electricity. Thus a value called the RMS (Root Mean Square) value for the AC electricity was coined. This RMS value equated the power of the AC electricity with the DC electricity. This RMS value is the effective or virtual value of the AC electricity. It is of prime importance practically, because all general-purpose electrical indicating instruments record only the RMS value of their respective parameters.RMS value of AC electricity could be calculated either by the mid-ordinate method or by the analytical method and is equal to 0.707 x Max. value of measuring quantity. But, it is easier to calculate the average value or the arithmetic mean value of the AC electricity than to calculate the RMS value and the average value is equal to 0.637 x max. value of measuring quantityA factor could be calculated to relate the RMS value and the Average value. That is the Form Factor, which is equal to:

Form Factor = RMS Value/ Average value = 0.707 x Max Value/ 0.637 x Max. Value = 1.11



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